Tag Archives: Communists

Communist govts taking over Hindu temples that have greater revenue, says retired SC Justice Indu Malhotra: VIDEO

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A video has emerged of retired Supreme Court justice Indu Malhotra alleging that the communist governments in India are taking over Hindu temples eyeing its revenue.

Justice Malhotra who was in state to attend various events, including the platinum jubilee celebrations of the Trivandrum Medical College, was heard making the controversial remark in public.

“They (communist governments) want to take over (temples) just because of the revenue. Their problem is the revenue. All over they have taken over only Hindu temples. So Justice Lalit and I said, no, we will not allow it,” Justice Malhotra is heard in the video that was widely shared on social media.

However, the video was shared with a caption “Non-representative, un-diversified and exclusionary social composition of the SC and HC Judges is at the core of the fault-lines in the Indian Judiciary. Deeply rotten, infested #CastiestCollegium” by a user named UrbenShrink.

Indu Malhotra was referring to 2020 Supreme Court case on the Padmanabhaswamy Temple, the verdict of which was delivered by herself and Justice Lalit, who is the present Chief Justice of India. The retired justice paid a visit to the temple and spent a few hours here.

Courtesy: y Indus Scrolls

Communist treachery, ‘sophists with sponges’

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August 2021 marks the completion of a hundred years of the brutal episode in human history – The Moplah Genocide of the Malabar Hindus.

In this context, it is worth recalling the book on Khilafat by N.S Rajaram, who wrote about the Khilafat advocacy undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi in the 1920s and its corollary, the Mopla Rebellion. Here is an extract from his book “Gandhi, Khilafat & The National Movement ” (First published in 1999 and then in 2009) on the treacherous role of Communists:

“Every villain,” said Lord Acton of the ‘power corrupts’ fame, “is followed by a sophist with a sponge”. This was surpassed by the Indian Communists. They bought not one sponge but a card-load of them, and put them to use in whitewashing atrocities from the Mopla Rebellion to the Partition to the R@pe of Tibet to the Chinese attack in 1962, and all the way to the nuclear tests of Pokharan II.

The period covered in this volume is not lacking in examples that bring to the fore the dark side of human nature. But for sheer venality, the behaviour of the Communists is in a class by itself. The gullibility and self-deception of Gandhi, the spinelessness of Nehru, the cunning of the Ali brothers and even the savagery of the Moplas – none of these can match the record of the Communists in this regard. A single example will suffice. The Moplas, who perpetrated some of the worst atrocities in history, especially on women, are heroes to Communists. Eminent scholars of Marxist leanings at respectable academic institutions extol these barbarians as heroic freedom fighters!

There is another difference. While these villains of yesteryears have departed from the world, the successors of these Communist ‘sophists with sponges’ are still around – sometimes in respectable professions like politics, academia and journalism. One is hard pressed to decide which is the greater evil – the Mopla marauders or their modern Marxist glorifiers.

To begin to understand the twists and turns of the Indian Communists, their passage from ‘anti-imperialists’ opposed to Britain and France, to British spies and collaborators, to being Soviet and Chinese fifth column, to their present state when they have combined with the most reactionary forces of Islam and become virtually a dependency of the tool of foreign interests, Sonia Gandhi, one has to go to the early years of the Second World War.

When the War broke out in September 1939, the Communists, found themselves in an awkward position – on the same side as Hitler – because of the Hitler-Stalin pact of August 1939. But they had to obey their masters in Moscow and support him. So, Hitler was no longer a Fascist menace but a messenger of peace fighting against the imperialist warmongers, Britan and France. But when Hitler attacked Russia on 22 June 1941, the Indian Communists executed a complete flip-flop and started supporting Britain in the war against Hitler. The Imperialist’s War became overnight the People’s War. They were now in a highly advantageous position vis-à-vis the British Government. They were used to serving their Soviet masters, so it entailed no great adjustment when opportunity called to serve the British. The Indian Communist leaders made the best of a good bargain.

For the rest of the War, the Indian Communists were, for all practical purposes, hired agents of the British. R.C. Majumdar tells us (Volume III, pp.569):
“During the great national upsurge of 1942, the Communists acted as stooges and spies of the British Government, and helped them against their own countrymen fighting for freedom. The part played by the Communists can be best understood from confidential correspondence during the years 1942, 1943 and 1944 between P.C.Joshi, the General Secretary of the Communist Part of India … it is quite clear from the correspondence that ‘an alliance existed between Politburo of the Communist Party and the Home Department of the Government of India, by which Mr. Joshi was placing at the disposal of the Government of India the services of his Party members, that the ‘various political drives undertaken by the Party in the name of anti-Fascist campaigns were a part of the arrangement which helped the Government of India to tide over certain crises… ”

But ofcourse, this did not come cheap, and Communist leaders like Joshi, Dange and others were generously paid by the British for their services. One well-known Communist intellectual was paid as mush as rupees 16,000 per month! This allowed many of them to maintain lavish lifestyles – much in the manner of many ‘Gandhians’ today. But spying on the nationalists was only the beginning of this sordid if profitable enterprise. Majumdar tells us (Volume III, p. 570):

… Joshi had, as General Secretary to the Part, written a letter in which he offered ‘unconditional help’ to the then Government of India and the Army GHQ to fight the 1942 underground workers and the Azad Hind Fuaz (Indian National Army) of Subhas Chandar Bose, even to the point of getting them arrested. … Joshi’s letter also revealed that the CPI was receiving financial aid from the Government, had a secret pact with the Muslim League, and was undermining Congress activity in various ways.

It is no secret that at the time of independence, the Communists openly supported the formation of Pakistan. “Not only did the Communists support the demand for Pakistan but went much further by saying that every linguistic group in India had a distinct nationality and was therefore entitled, as they claimed was the case in the USSR, to the right to secede.”

Independence did not put a stop to Communist treachery. On the heels of Independence, the new Indian Government was faced with the problem of the integration of the princely states numbering over five hundred. Here was fertile ground for the Communists, especially Hyderabad, then at the mercy of Kasim Rizvi and his fanatical band of terrorists known as the Razakars. In February 1948, the Second Congress of the Communist Party of India proclaimed that India’s independence was a sham and decided to support the Razakars. They struck a deal with the Nizam’s Government and joined hands with the Nizam’s forces – the Razakars – to fight Hyderabad’s accession to India with the help of Pakistan. As with most terrorists, the forte of the Razakars was committing atrocities on unarmed civilians, not fighting a professional army. When Sardar Patel sent troops into Hyderabad, the Razakars crumbled before the advance of the Indian Army. Kasim Razvi ran away to Pakistan, handing over the bulk of his guns and other armaments to the Communists. The Communists kept up an armed insurrection in the Telangana region for a few years until ordered to stop by the Soviet Dictator Stalin.

But now, Marxist historians claim that the Communists joined the Congress in their fight against the Razakars who represented feudal interests! So, the action in Hyderabad was a ‘class struggle’ against the oppressors, except that the Communists sided with the Razakars! So, Rizvi and the Razakars were not Muslim fundamentalists but feudal exploiters of the people! To explain away the fact that the Communists joined hands with these ‘feudal exploiters’, their historians simply reverse the truth; they now claim that they fought against them. This way, they hope they can have it both ways.
This trail of treachery continued unabated. When China attacked India in 1962, the Communists were on the Chinese side. In 1964, when China exploded its first nuclear bomb, the Indian Communists greeted it with glee. But recently when India conducted nuclear tests the Indian Communists and their allies in the Congress – including the new found object of the adoration, Sonia Gandhi – vociferously condemned Indian tests. The more things change, the more they remain the same.

Further Reading:

Attempt to whitewash Moplah atrocities is latest case of Communist schizofascism (Article by Ram Madhav).

COMMUNISTS AND ‘AZAADI’

Why Communists opposed the Constitution? A must know quote of Dr.Ambedkar from his speech on 25th November 1949 (Reference from archives of Parliament debates).

Communists colluded with Nizam’s Razakars (KM Munshi Memoirs)

Six Sources of Communist Power

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By: Sri Sitaram Goel ; Additions by Dr. Rahul Shastri

SIX SOURCES OF COMMUNIST POWER – MYTH, IDEOLOGY, ORGANISATION, FINANCE, CULTURAL NETWORK, USE OF 3 INSTITUTIONS
. . . – Sitaram Goel in Nehru’s Fatal Friendship

. . . [Sita Ram Goelji’s seminal analysis has enduring significance, although some observations have become dated with the fall of Soviet Union. His analysis is presented here edited somewhat to suit the changed times. All additions & comments are parenthesised.]

[IDEOLOGY & ORGANISATION]

Communism is an ideology as well as an organisation. While the ideology perverts and subverts men’s minds, the organisation infiltrates and disintegrates all institutionalised life within a given community.

In fact, there is a dynamic integration between the ideology and the organisation. The prevalence of communist ideology in any sector of social life facilitates the task of communist organizational infiltration ; and communist infiltration, overt or secret, always helps the spread of communist ideology.

This interdependence of communist ideology and organization should never be lost sight of in any correct estimation of communist power and the location of the sources of that power.

With this background, we can proceed to identify the sources of communist power in India.

[MYTH & IDEOLOGY]

… the greatest source of its ideological power is the … Myth.

. . .[Goelji identifies two myths: the Soviet myth and the Spectre of American Imperialism. Points worth considering are: a) there could be many more and b) the election of Biden with left support is bound to complicate their positions on America]

The … Myth … [is] sanctioned, in the final analysis, by something more than mere propaganda by the communists and their allies. The ultimate basis of … [its] acceptance is provided by Marxist thought-categories which are accepted as ‘scientific’ truth even in avowedly anti-communist circles.

…. There are very few people amidst our politically conscious intelligentsia who have been through these categories and realised that they do not interpret the real situation. Our universities are totally dominated by professors and lecturers who regard these categories of thought as incontrovertible and holy truth and who continue to poison generation after generation of our young men and women.

. . . [Goelji goes on to identify the political streams and thought processes that contribute to the strengthening of the Myth]

[THREE PRONGED ORGANISATION]

Now I pass on to communist organisation … Today this organisation enjoys all constitutional and legal rights which democratic India can afford and has become highly respectable in the public eye …

The organisation is three-pronged :– open, camouflaged and secret.

The open organisation consists of what is commonly known as the ìCommunist Party of Indiaî which has a constitution, publishes party manifestos, maintains party organs, publishing houses, a network of party offices, members and paid whole- timers, participates in all sorts of elections and sends its representatives in our Parliament, the State Assemblies and all sorts of local bodies.

The camouflaged organisation consists of what are called ëfrontí organisations, such as the All-India Trade Union Congress, All-India Kisan Sabha, All-India Studentsí Federation, All-India Peace Council, the Progressive Writersí Association, the Indian Peopleís Theatre Association, the National Federation of Women, the Indian Association of Democratic Lawyers, the India-China Friendship Association, the Indo-Soviet Cultural Society, the Congress of Scientific Workers, etc. The fronts build specialised platforms in every walk of our social life, politicalise every non-political issue, create fellow-travellers, use non-political reputations for political purposes, infiltrate, control and influence the government, the press, the universities, political parties and every type of club and association, and organise exchange of delegations with communist countries and communist organisations abroad.

The secret organisation consists of what is popularly known as the ‘underground’ but which the communists call the ‘Tech’. No member of the ‘Tech’ can be recognised as a communist or a fellow-traveller. Their special job is to infiltrate the Armed Forces, the Police, the policy-making organs of the Government, to carry on espionage for the Soviet Government, to carry arms and ammunition and prepare for insurrection, civil war, or coup díetat, whichever method suits the Party in its final bid for power.

[FINANCE:- ORGANISATION, NETWORK & CULTURAL INFLUENCE]

. . . [Goelji identifies Soviet finance that was significant in his time. Today money flows from China, Middle East, Northern Europe and America as well as finance from domestic industry and trade can be scrutinised.]

Ample finances enable the Communist Party of India to maintain : 1) … whole-timers … [including party functionaries, MPs & MLAs]; 2) scores of daily, weekly and monthly newspapers ; 3) … publishing houses and bookstalls; 4) hundreds of party offices… and 5) several hundred professional fellow-travellers clustered around the front organisations.

Enormous amount of money is spent in subsidizing papers …, arranging conferences, festivals, dramas and frequent delegations and missions abroad … [to] allure intellectuals, writers, poets, artists, sports men, publicists, journalists, etc. with the help of money in cases where the ideological pull fails or proves inadequate.

[AIM OF NETWORKS: SPREAD-IDENTIFY-DENIGRATE-DIVIDE]

. . . [The networking thus created has dual use: to spread influence on the one hand and to identify, denigrate and/or divide opponents on the other]

And this tremendous organisational power is used by the communists not only for spreading their ideology, politics and organisational network, but also for denying opportunities to, and character assassination of, all those who are opposed to communism.

While persons, groups and parties amenable to communist ideological influence are attracted into the communist network, persons, groups and parties opposed to communism are set against each other by sheer organisational manoeuvres and whispering campaigns. Today this organisational domination by the communists has assumed serious proportions in India.

[USE OF INSTITUTIONS: UNIVERSITIES, MEDIA & CONGRESS]

. . . [Apart from its own organisations, three institutions in India are extensively used by Communism to further its purposes according to Goelji ]

First of all, our universities are deeply infiltrated by communist professors and student whole-timers. I know many university teachers who openly ‘teach’ communism in their classes. Anyone who tries to oppose them or to carry on some amount of anti-communist work is hounded out and blackened in no time. Thus the nation gets a large number of communised young men and women to run her administration, economy and education, in times to come.

Secondly, the press has, to a very large extent, passed into the hands of the Communist Party. One has only to look a little more closely into the headlines, news items, feature articles and editorials … an iron-curtain is being sprung up round this country, all unknown to people who run the government or the political parties.

Thirdly, the ruling Congress Party [ then ruling ] has been considerably penetrated. Though the Congress Party still swears by Gandhism, its slogans have already become communist slogans for all practical purposes. Many communists and fellow-travellers, such as the Marxist Forward Bloc, are entering the Congress … If the present trend continues, it is absolutely sure that the communists will, in near future, make a bid to capture the Congress organisation and, through it, the country.

Communists colluded with Nizam’s Razakars – KM Munshi Memoirs

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Source : K.M.Munshi’s ” The End of an Era”

నిజాం రజాకార్ల తో చేతులు కలిపిన కమ్యూనిస్టులు
మే 1948, భారత ఏజెంట్ జనరల్ కే ఎం మున్షి గారు రచించిన “ ఎండ్ అఫ్ ఏరా” అనే పుస్తకం లోనిది

కమ్యూనిస్ట్ పార్టీ అఫ్ హైదరాబాద్ గతంలో తీసుకున్న నిర్ణయం నుంచి పూర్తిగా విరుద్ధమైన ప్రకటనతో ఒక కొత్త పాంఫ్లెట్ ముంద్రించడం జరిగింది. అందులో, హైదరాబాద్ సంస్థానం భారత దేశంలో వీలీనం కావడాన్ని వ్యతిరేకిస్తూ భారతీయ ప్రభుత్వం ఒక పెట్టుబడిదారి ప్రభుత్వం అని ఆరోపించింది.
కమ్యూనిస్టులు తాము నిలకడగా ఉన్నాము అని చెప్పుకోవడానికి, నిజమైన స్వాతంత్రం రావాలి అంటే భూస్వామ్య వ్యవస్థ సంపూర్ణంగా నిర్మూలించబడాలి అని నినాదం ముందుకు తెచ్చారు.

కొన్ని నివేదికల ప్రకారం, నిజాం ప్రభుత్వానికి కమ్యూనిస్ట్ లకు మద్య ఒక అవగాహన మాత్రమే కాకుండా పశ్చిమ బెంగాల్ లోని కమ్యూనిస్ట్ లు ద్వార ఇక్కడి రజాకార్లకు మారణాయుధాలు అందించబడుతున్నాయి.

కమ్యూనిస్ట్ ల నూతన ప్రచారం ప్రకారం దేశంలోని వివిధ సంస్థానాలు, భారత్ యూనియన్ వీలేనం కావడం అనే ప్రక్రియనే పూర్తిగా ప్రజాస్వామ్య వ్యతిరేకమైనది అని, ప్రజల మనస్సులో ఉన్న తిరుగుబాటును అనగదోక్కడమే అన్నారు.
భారతీయ సైన్యాలు ఒకవేళ హైదరాబాద్ సంస్థానంలోకి ప్రవేశిస్తే, అవి ప్రజల ఉద్యమాన్ని అనిచివేయడానికె అని ప్రకటించారు. కమ్యూనిస్ట్ ల ప్రాభల్యం లేదా భయం ద్వార తమ గుప్పిట్లో ఉన్న గ్రామాలలో ఒకవేళ భారత సైన్యాల కదలికలను కనిపిస్తే వాటిని వ్యతిరేకించాలి అని తమ కార్యకర్తలు, సానుభూతి పరులను ప్రోత్సహించారు ; #HydLiberationDay #HyderabadLiberationDay

Left and their maternal love!

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A soft word … a small sentence

… feebly uttered or merely murmured

… if not direct … if not strident … atleast whispered

… if not from the depth of your hearts, atleast served from the lips

… or atleast from behind the canopy blinds of huts, from behind closed doors

… or from the tatty shades of the book shelf,

… or from the attics of vintage houses …

With fond hope and eager ears, I turned to all these places for a whimper, a whisper… I am still waiting, aching for a sound-byte, a soft word, from here or there or from anywhere, for sixty days now!


The eyes dilated, tired from scanning newspapers, poring through reports, ardently watching television news, skimming through Social Media … scouring for at least that one newsbyte … that Maoist China is wrong … that China’s armed incursion in Doklam would threaten India and Bhutan, that is what I hoped the Indian communists would say, mumble or whisper, moved by a whiff of conscience or courage!

But alas! All my hopes are quashed!

What happened in 1962 is repeating now!

When socialist Nehru opened his heart to ‘Hindi-Chīnī Bhāī Bhāī’, communist China launched a stealthy strike, an invasion across the Himalayas. The then communists in India went into denial asking “How can socialist China invade a non-aligned country like India?” They then went on to defend China vehemently while blaming the ‘hyperbole’ of Indian Defense minister, Krishna Menon for the war with China!

Although half a century has passed but their way of thinking has not changed. In spite of worldwide reverses, the infatuation of the communists with China has not ended.

Just read the lament of the editorial of CPM’s mouth piece “People’s Democracy” over Doklam:

”Doklam belongs to Bhutan. Let Bhutan resolve the problem by itself. We need not interfere in that issue. And the root cause of the problem is not Doklam but Modi Sarkar…”

“China is infuriated because of the increased proximity between Modi and America, and because of the importance to Tibetan Buddhist Guru Dalai Lama given by India” so goes the editorial.

What a dubious and callous analysis!

These red brothers and combatants, who perennially hit the roads with their hartals, bandhs, lockouts and strikes with their protest rallies, who claim to stand by the exploited poorer and down-trodden sections of the people, are now asking India not to stand by the side of Bhutan, a tiny hilly country that is being bullied by an elephantine expansionist China, and advise India not to stand against Chinese forces!

The Indian Communists give us this free advice: “If any objection is at all required, that has to come from Bhutan; and the mighty Chinese empire can talk to small weak Bhutan and will get this resolved…”

History is witness and the whole world knows, what Tibet got by holding talks with China.

The communists say, let Bhutan resolve Bhutan’s issue! They have audacity to give us free advice, but do not even whimper against China, let alone trying to persuade China to establish cordial relations with Bhutan. These same communists never ask China why it meddles in India Pak issues, instead of letting us resolve them mutually.

Never, not a finger against their ‘motherland’ – China!

They will not dare to even suggest to China to allow Tibet to resolve its internal issues, and not to interfere with Tibet. Instead, dancing to the chinese tunes, they proclaim that ‘Chinese invasion of Tibet is to liberate Tibetans from feudal landlords”! What is the difference between the Chinese invasion of Tibet and America that waged a war against merciless Gaddafi under the pretense of liberating Libya, who killed Saddam Hussein under the pretense of an alleged threat from WMDs?

Tomorrow our communists may defend the Chinese invasion of Bhutan in the name of ‘liberating’ the Bhutanese from monarchy, thus conniving with the devious chinese plan to grind communism into the innocent lives of the simple Bhutanese.

Tomorrow, if China declares that Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim are to be conquered as part of their ostentatious expansionist plan, our communists might even support China, saying that any chinese expansion into India is only to liberate these states from imperialist India!

All this they have done and will do in future, only to please China – their ‘motherland’ !

Clandestine role of Communists in 1962 War with China:

During the 1962 war, the undivided CPI party leaders were imprisoned by the government of the day because they supported the enemy country – China. Among these leaders was Kerala’s Leftist leader V.S. Achuthanandan. Once in prison, he realized his mistakes and tried to correct. He directed his cadres to support the soldiers of India in order to change the perception that they were Chinese agents!

While in jail, with the help of his fellow-inmates, he conducted blood donation camps to help the injured Indian soldiers and also offered money for war expenditure, by consuming only one meal a day and then selling the remaining food for money, and contributing that money to the soldier’s welfare fund. However, the hardcore Communists did not oblige and vehemently opposed his proposal. The opposition was so emphatic that they came to physical blows with each other!

The war with China ended. Communists were released. What happened next? A complaint was lodged against V.S.Achuthanandan in the party forum questioning his commitment to the party. The Communists concluded that instead of helping China, V.S.Achuthanandan tried to help the Indian government, and that this amounted to a criminal offense! Doubting his commitment towards communism, he was reprimanded for not kow-towing to the party line and was even demoted in the Communist party!

So much for communists’ allegiance and loyalty to China – their ‘motherland’ !!

Well, we are all ordinary people. We believe that having been born on this land, raised in this land, being fed from this very soil, interlaced into the life of this nation, our loyalty is to this land.

But our Leftists claim to be intellectuals, you see! Therefore, geographical boundaries do not apply to them! Gratitude to the soil and people that have fed them, do not apply to them! Nations do not apply to them! For them, international commitment is more important than national interests, and devotion to the motherland, the land that nursed them is only a bourgeois illusion… That is why they cannot oppose China, not even in their dreams. Just mutter a word against Islamism and the Indian communists will all rise in righteous rage claiming to defend the Indian nation and ‘secularism’!

But when Muslim women in China’s Xinjiang province were forbidden to don the burkha and full veil, when muslim men were ordered to discard the full beard, when religious names were forbidden to muslim children, when fifteen of such onerous sanctions were slapped on Chinese muslims, the communists of India cowered in abject silence. After all, all these sanctions were imposed by their beloved ‘socialist motherland’!

None of the communist fellow-travelers, not even a single member of the “Award Wapsi gang” who threatened to leave India because Indian people voted against their preference, who returned national awards because somewhere there was an attack on some writer, has announced any similar move in protest against China’s aggression on Bhutan. They do not care for Indian interests and worries, they do not mind Chinese incursion in Doklam.

Fearing that communist betrayal of national interests may lead to an existential crisis, the RSS is being prevented from entering Kerala! They are killed if they enter Kerala.

On one hand, the Communists support the separatist movement in Kashmir, accusing the Indian government of suppressing dissent. On the other hand they hail the Chinese government for suppressing the dissent of “Uyghur” Muslims, claiming that China is only “protecting the state”. Clearly, the Communists have different yardsticks of integrity for India and their ‘motherland’ China!

Making tall claims about Doklam being part of their territory, China claims mendaciously that Bhutan accepts its stand. But the very next day Bhutan condemns and rejects all these claims as false and vilifying. Yet, the Communists of India vouch for Chinese version only! Because, for them, Leftism is more important than Realism and People’s Liberation Army (PLA China) is dearer to them than the interests of Indian people!

There is just an iota of Communism left in China, but still the loyalty towards China has not yet died in the hearts of these Indian communists.

China has territorial and coastal disputes with about 22 countries. Just like “British East India Company” which came in the name of the business, then invaded the countries and expanded the British empire, China today gives high interest loans in return for land pledged by indebted countries, then after invading their geographies, it plans to expand its empire beyond its boundaries.

But hush! We are not supposed to speak about all this! China is fire! It is ‘motherland’!

Hush! Hush! We are wrong… we are absolutely wrong!

Just like a person who chooses a path of devotion only to get a good wife for himself, just like political parties who proclaim principles only to get seats and power, Oh…Communists … say this time, atleast mutter or whisper that China is wrong.

Or if not for your own sake, say for the sake of the country, and say it strongly this time – that China is wrong!

Eagerly awaiting your response… please…

Post-script: The Maoists, who pledged their own lives and struggled with hunger and thirst in the woods and forests for the lives of poor and downtrodden, are much better than these pseudo-Communists haunting the corridors of power! The Indian Maoists in their 9th Congress convention, have resolved that Maoist China has become a regional expansionist force and have condemned the attitude of China.

(Translation from article that appeared in Andhra Jyoti, Telugu: Dt.: 13-Aug-2017)